Information Sheet 10 - Benefits in Kind

Today the remuneration of many directors and employees comprises a package of salary and benefits.

Essentially two tests must be applied in determining the tax implications of any benefit.

    Is the benefit taxable?

    If the benefit is taxable, what is its taxable value?

In this factsheet, we give guidance on some of the main benefit in kind rules and indicate some common types of benefits.

It is not intended to be an exhaustive guide and any decisions should be supported by professional advice appropriate to your personal circumstances.

SETTING THE SCENE

All emoluments of an office or employment are taxed under Schedule E. Where they are not in cash it becomes necessary to put a value on them.

As a general rule unless the benefit can be converted into cash there is no taxable benefit. Where it is convertible into cash the taxable amount is the resale value.

To prevent avoidance, additional legislation charges certain other benefits to tax. The detailed rules are complex. We can advise on structuring remuneration packages, including benefits, in a tax efficient way.

REPORTING

Employers are required to notify the Revenue of benefits provided to directors and most employees by completing forms P11D annually.

Penalties can apply where the forms are submitted late or are incorrect.

The full amount of any benefit or reimbursed expense must be reported on this form. However, where the reimbursed amounts represent genuine business expenses a claim can be submitted by the taxpayer on his or her tax return, (or in writing to the Revenue if they do not receive a tax return) thus resulting in a nil liability.

DISPENSATIONS

Many expense payments do not involve a tax liability as a corresponding claim is made by the employee for amounts expended wholly,
exclusively and necessarily for business purposes.

A dispensation, granted by the Revenue, allows certain expenses to be ignored when completing P11Ds. Commonly, a dispensation covers travelling and subsistence expenses and routine entertaining.

NATIONAL INSURANCE

In general employees' national insurance (NI) is not due on benefits in kind except vouchers, stocks and shares, the discharge of an employee's personal liability and benefits provided by way of 'readily convertible' assets.

From 6 April 2000, most benefits in kind will be subject to Class 1A (an employer's NI contribution). As this amounts to 12.2% of the taxable value of the benefit, you may need to reconsider the tax efficiency of providing benefits.

Please consult us for advice.

NON-TAXABLE BENEFITS

Certain benefits are not taxable on anyone.

The most important ones are

    retirement benefits which are paid by an employer into an approved pension scheme.
     

    meals provided in a staff canteen.
     

    drinks and light refreshments at work.
     

    parking provided at or near an employee's place of work.
     

    workplace nursery places provided for the children of employees.
     

    in-house sports facilities.
     

    personal use of employer provided computer equipment at home (up to certain limits).
     

    removal and relocation expenses up to a maximum of £8,000 per move.
     

    mobile phones.

TAXABLE BENEFITS

The following benefits are taxable on all employees

    any living accommodation provided, unless job related.

    vouchers.

    credit tokens.

In addition, special rules apply to tax other benefits received by directors and all but the lowest paid employees. Common types of benefits provided are detailed below.

    Company cars - this is probably the most common benefit and the taxable amount will be based on 35% of the manufacturer's list price (including accessories) of the car.

There are reductions for high business mileage, cars over four years old and where the employee makes a contribution towards the cost of the car.

The taxation of company cars will be reformed in 2002. Then the taxable benefit will continue to depend on the list price of the car as now but the level of benefit will depend on the carbon dioxide emissions of the car rather than business mileage. Please talk to us for further details about the changes.

    Private petrol - a separate charge applies where private fuel is provided, unless the employee reimburses the employer for all private mileage (including travel between home and work). The charges are determined by reference to engine size and the type of fuel provided.
     

    Cheap or interest free loans - no benefit will be taxed where the loan does not exceed £5,000.
     

    Medical insurance - the cost of providing medical insurance is a taxable benefit.
     

    Use of company assets - an annual benefit is taxed where employees have the private use of company assets. The annual benefit amounts to 20% of the asset's market value when first made available to any employee.
     

    Telephones - private home telephone bills, including rental charges, which are paid for by the employer will be taxed as a benefit. This is no charge for private calls using a mobile phone.
     

    Social functions for employees - the Revenue will not tax as a benefit a Christmas party and other annual functions provided the total cost of the events in a tax year is less than £75 per head.

HOW WE CAN HELP

The taxation of benefits in kind is a complex area. Ensuring that you comply with all the administrative obligations and plan in advance to minimise tax liabilities is essential. We can help you with the following

    reviewing existing employees' remuneration packages for tax efficiency.
     

    planning flexible and tax efficient. remuneration packages for key employees within your organisation.
     

    advising on systems for reimbursing. expenses and applying for dispensations
     

    providing advice and assistance with the completion of your PAYE returns.
     

    negotiating with the Revenue if disagreements arise and in reaching settlements.
     

    We would welcome the opportunity to assist you with any planning and compliance matters.

For information of users:
This material is published for the information of clients. It provides only an overview of the regulations in force at the date of publication, and no action should be taken without consulting the detailed legislation or seeking professional advice. Therefore no responsibility for loss occasioned by any person acting or refraining from action as a result of the material can be accepted by the authors or the firm.