Experimental Evidence

Experimental evidence that a freely expanding gas does not cool down.

A scuba diver has on his back a cylinder of high pressure air for breathing. The air expands from 150 atmospheres to one atmosphere.

Cosmologists such as P.C.W. Davies and Sciama give the following equation for the cooling of such a gas,

TV ^g ^{- 1} = constant , , , which is equivalent to (T₁/T₂) = (P₁/P₂)^{1 - 1/}g

And for air g = 1.40 .

If we substitute P₁ = 150 atmospheres, , , P₂ = 1 atmosphere, , , T₁= 293 K,

we find that T₂ = 70 K .

Does a scuba diver get frost bite round his mouth and nose ? Not in the slightest !

This proves that cosmologists are wrong to apply such an equation to the cooling of the Universe.

To ram home the point even further, consider letting down hydrogen from a high pressure of 150 atm and room temperature to one atm. The hydrogen actually warms up by 5⁰C because of Joule-Thomson Effect; this is quite contrary to the theories of cosmologists!

References, , Davies, P.C.W. (1974) "The Physics of Time Asymmetry", p. 89.

Sciama, D.W. "Modern Cosmology".